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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

2023年湖北省科技工作会议在武汉召开******

　　1月7日，2023年湖北省科技工作会议在武汉召开。会议指出，过去五年，湖北科技创新高地建设稳步推进，科技创新体系更加完善，科技创新综合实力不断提升，科技创新生态持续优化，为全省经济社会发展提供了有力支撑。

会议现场。杨光泗 摄

　　2018-2022年，湖北省高新技术企业由6590家增至2万家，增长203.2%；科技型中小企业由3500家增至2.4万家，增长585.27%；技术合同成交额由1237亿元增至3000亿元以上，增长142.5%；高新技术产业增加值由6653亿元增至1.1万亿元，增长65.3%；全省研发人员由25.74万人增至35.36万人，增长37.4%；全社会研发投入经费由822亿元增至1160亿元，增长41.1%；全社会研发投入强度由1.96%增至2.32%，提高0.36个百分点；综合科技创新水平指数由67.44%增至72.15%，提高4.71个百分点。湖北研发投入、技术合同成交、高新技术企业、科技型中小企业、高能级创新平台、高端人才数量等系列创新指标稳居中部第一，区域科技创新实力进入全国第一方阵。

　　2022年，湖北以建设武汉具有全国影响力的科技创新中心为引领，加快打造全国科技创新高地，湖北科技支撑引领全省经济社会高质量发展迈出新步伐、实现新突破。湖北科技工作高位部署聚力推进，取得里程碑式重要进展，交出亮眼“成绩单”，武汉具有全国影响力的科技创新中心成功获批。数字建造、智能设计与数控等2家国家技术创新中心获批建设，数量居全国第2。全国重点实验室优化重组进展顺利。湖北科技工作实现主要指标大幅提升，跑出科技强省建设“加速度”，湖北省区域科技创新水平排名稳居全国第8、中部第1，综合科技创新水平指数达到72.15%，较上年提高2.82个百分点；全省高新技术企业总数预计突破2万家，同比增长超过37%；国家科技型中小企业入库超过2.4万家，增长达70%；高新技术产业增加值预计突破1.1万亿元，增速超过10%；技术合同成交额超过3000亿元，增长超过40%。全社会研发经费投入达到1160亿元，增长超15%。

　　会议强调，2023年是全面贯彻落实党的二十大精神的开局之年，是贯彻落实湖北省第十二次党代会部署的关键之年，是湖北科技自立自强年。力争全省高新技术企业数量增长20%、技术合同成交额增长20%、高新技术产业增加值增幅超过10%、科技型中小企业达到25000家以上、培育科创“新物种”企业100家。

　　会议通报了2022年湖北省科技工作重点指标数据完成情况，武汉市科技局、襄阳市科技局、宜昌市科技局、大冶市科技局、湖北洪山实验室、华工科技产业股份有限公司负责同志作大会交流发言。

　　（光明日报全媒体记者张锐 夏静 通讯员朱勇进 冯星星）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）